External Enviroment Essay Example

External Enviroment Essay Question 1 The external environment of a firm plays a very important role in the operations of the organization. Why is it important for organization in the Pacific to learn and know about what is happening in their external environment? Use examples to explain a least 5 elements in the external environment. The business dictionary defines external environment as conditions, entities, events, and factors surrounding an organization that influence its activities and choices, and determine its opportunities and risks. From this definition we can identify that external environment plays a vital role in the operations of organization. For an organization in the Pacific to maintain its longevity and productivity in the competitive world of business it is very important to be alert and attentive to the world surrounding it in terms of entities, events, and factors surrounding it that will influence its activities and choices, and determine its opportunities and risks thus maintain its competitive edge. Technological Element The organization must be technologically efficient. Computers are now the main mode of communication. It knows no barrier. It travels through time and space, continents, companies and what not. A press of a button from Fiji can enable you to communicate with someone thousand and thousand of kilometers away living in United Kingdom. It is very important that they invest in technology through equipment, training and recruitment to be able to impact in the economy. Never before in history has innovation offered promise of so much to so many in so short a time.    Bill Gates (http://voices. ahoo. com/great-technology-quotes-sayings-5759728. html? cat=15) The medium, or process, of our time electric technology is reshaping and restructuring patterns of social interdependence and every aspect of our personal life. It is forcing us to reconsider and re-evaluate practically every thought, every action,   Marshall McLuhan (http://voices. yahoo. com/great-technology-quotes-sayings-5759728. html? cat=15) Eg. The use of ATMs (Automated Telle r Machines) by commercial banks in the region has made banking effective and efficient. We will write a custom essay sample on External Enviroment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on External Enviroment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on External Enviroment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer No longer have people be involved in long lines wait to be served. The work of two to three people have been made easier by a single machine. In a Fiji Times interview the ANZ Bank CEO Vishnu Mohan explained that, [1]ANZ customers can now carry out quick and timely automatic teller machine (ATM) transactions. . Economic Element The organization must also be aware of economic development, events and activities regionally and globally. [1] (Fiji Times, 3rd October, 2012, ATM Upgrade)

Free Essays on Gender Inequality And The Wage Gap Amongst Executives

Running head: GENDER INEQUALITY AND THE WAGE GAP AMONGST EXECUTIVES Gender Inequality and the Wage Gap Amongst Executives Jennifer Banks University of Wyoming Abstract Male dominance is defined as fair, reasonable, and in the best interests of society. This false ideology creates gender inequality and a wage gap. A social policy, the Fair Pay Act of 200, was passed in order to combat these problems. The social constructions that surround the act and hinder its effectiveness are patriarchy, hegemonic masculinity, and the conservative nature of social institutions. The Fair Pay Act was intended to branch as far as college and university campuses, yet parity has not been reached among female and male presidents. Corporate culture and archetypal symbols of leadership also obstruct the Fair Pay Act. However, if the Fair Pay Act eventually succeeds, women can be change agents, and change corporate culture without imposing a hierarchy. The Fair Pay Act has not failed, but rather lacks the power to attack social constructions, which are at the core of gender inequality and the wage gap. Often the terms sex and gender are used interchangeably in conversation. Yet there is a huge distinction between the two. Sex is biological, while gender is sociological. This essentially means that gender is a social creation, and a biased as well. Gender refers to masculinity and femininity, and one could say that masculinity and femininity are societal euphemisms for male dominance and female subordination. However, hegemonic masculinity and subordinate femininity are not conspiracies. Rather, they are the result of widely accepted ways of thinking that define male dominance as fair, reasonable, and in the best interests of society. This false ideology creates many social problems, one of which is gender inequality. And in the realm of economics, a wage gap is created. Expanding further into this social proble... Free Essays on Gender Inequality And The Wage Gap Amongst Executives Free Essays on Gender Inequality And The Wage Gap Amongst Executives Running head: GENDER INEQUALITY AND THE WAGE GAP AMONGST EXECUTIVES Gender Inequality and the Wage Gap Amongst Executives Jennifer Banks University of Wyoming Abstract Male dominance is defined as fair, reasonable, and in the best interests of society. This false ideology creates gender inequality and a wage gap. A social policy, the Fair Pay Act of 200, was passed in order to combat these problems. The social constructions that surround the act and hinder its effectiveness are patriarchy, hegemonic masculinity, and the conservative nature of social institutions. The Fair Pay Act was intended to branch as far as college and university campuses, yet parity has not been reached among female and male presidents. Corporate culture and archetypal symbols of leadership also obstruct the Fair Pay Act. However, if the Fair Pay Act eventually succeeds, women can be change agents, and change corporate culture without imposing a hierarchy. The Fair Pay Act has not failed, but rather lacks the power to attack social constructions, which are at the core of gender inequality and the wage gap. Often the terms sex and gender are used interchangeably in conversation. Yet there is a huge distinction between the two. Sex is biological, while gender is sociological. This essentially means that gender is a social creation, and a biased as well. Gender refers to masculinity and femininity, and one could say that masculinity and femininity are societal euphemisms for male dominance and female subordination. However, hegemonic masculinity and subordinate femininity are not conspiracies. Rather, they are the result of widely accepted ways of thinking that define male dominance as fair, reasonable, and in the best interests of society. This false ideology creates many social problems, one of which is gender inequality. And in the realm of economics, a wage gap is created. Expanding further into this social proble...

Personal and professional development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6750 words

Personal and professional development - Essay Example Life is a journey of a self-discovery. I can’t believe how far I’ve come considering my childhood on the tiny Japanese island of Okinawa. After spending much of young adult life in the United States, however, my recent return to Okinawa brought me to terms with the importance of my heritage. Okinawa consistently ranked as a number-one popular destination for the Japanese domestic tourist. In 2009, the prefecture recorded nearly 6 million visitors, close to that of Hawaii’s number. Surprisingly, during my tenure at the Okinawa Convention and Visitors Bureau (OCVB), public destination marketing organization, however, only 3 percent of tourists were international visitors. It is not understatement to say that Okinawa’s beauty is virtually unknown to the outside world. I began to understand that Okinawa needed more people with sophisticated business acumen to effectively aid in municipal development on many occasions especially during promotional activities such as tradeshows and conferences. Fierce competition led by foreign investment resulted in the buyout of major hotel properties in Okinawa. I was fortunate to be able to sit in on meetings with highly energetic and extremely bright executives. They consistently demonstrated excellent entrepreneurship and I recognized that my college education had not prepared me to conduct business on the senior level. Small island economies such as Okinawa, tourism industry becomes the most important business, accounting for 20-70% of the current external receipts. In an effort to strengthen the industry and with new policies known as â€Å" Visit Okinawa Program† in fiscal year of 2010, the prefecture set a goal of attracting 10 million tourists and generating

Accounting aspects of Southwestern Airlines Essay

Accounting aspects of Southwestern Airlines - Essay Example In 1966 Kelleher was practicing law in San Antonio when a customer named Rollin King wished-for starting a short-haul airline like California-based Pacific Southwest Airlines.The airline would fly the "Golden Triangle" of Houston, Dallas, and San Antonio and by staying within Texas, avoid federal regulations. Kelleher and King formed a company, raised initial capital, and filed for regulatory approval from the Texas Aeronautics Commission. Regrettably, the other Texas-based airlines, namely Braniff, Continental, and Trans Texas, opposed the idea and waged a battle to prevent Southwest from flying. Kelleher argued the company's case before the Texas Supreme Court, which ruled in Southwest's favor. The US Supreme Court refused to hear an appeal filed by the other airlines. In the late 1970s, it looked as if the company could begin flying.''Southwest then began building a management team, and the purchase of three surplus Boeing 737s was negotiated. In the meantime, Braniff and Texas In ternational continued their efforts to put off Southwest from flying. The underwriters of Southwest's initial public stock offering withdrew, and a restraining order against the company was obtained two days before its scheduled inaugural flight. Kelleher again argued his company's case before the Texas Supreme Court, which ruled in Southwest's favor a second time, lifting the restraining order. Southwest Airlines began flying the next day, June 18, 1971' (Freiberg & Freiberg, 1996). Southwest Airlines: An Introduction Southwest Airlines has always been thriving in terms of productivity, good employee and union relations, and customer satisfaction at a time when most airline carriers are besieged in all these areas. Crucial to the company's hallmarks is its culture of flexibility and family-orientation. Herb Kelleher summed up the Southwest culture and commitment to employees: 'We don't use things like TQM. It is just a lot of people taking pride in what they're doing. You have to recognize that people are important. How you treat them determines how they treat people on the outside.. I give people the license to be themselves and motivate others in that way. We give people the opportunity to be a maverick. You don't have to fit in a constraining mold at work-you can have a good time. People respond to that' (Lancaster, 1999). Despite the fact that 90% of Southwest employees are unionized, labor relations have been surprisingly positive, especially by industry standards. There are no official structures for labor or union participation in management administration; nevertheless the company led by top managers who vigorously seek out and respond to employee views has taken the lead on developing and maintaining this culture. 'One significant base of the company's achievement in a rather unsteady industry is the fact that the unions are not involved in pushing their roles beyond the conservative collective bargaining and grievance functions they perform. In this regard, Southwest differs from some other renowned cases of Human Resource-based and customer-oriented success stories' (Kochan, 1999). Southwest Airlines: Its Accounting Aspects The September 11 incident pushes the airline industry into economic turmoil, resulting in unemployment, insolvency, and the prospect of fragile prospects. Soon after the September 11, most major airlines announced sharp service reductions, grounded aircraft, and laying-off of employees. Yet 'during the first decade of deregulation, more than 150 carriers, many of them start-up airlines, collapsed into insolvency. Eight of the 11 major airlines dominating the industry in 1978 ended up filing for bankruptcy, merging with other carriers, or just disappearing from the radar screen. All together, the industry made enough money during this period to buy two Boeing 747s.' (Dempsey, 1984).

Development of the US economy over the Past 3 Years Essay Example for Free

Development of the US economy over the Past 3 Years Essay The American government has been successful in running its economy for the years 2005, 2006 and 2007 as shown in continuing productivity growth, the low level of inflation as well low interest rate. This paper therefore attempts to discuss or dramatize the success of the American Government been in running its Economy over the last three years. Since any success will have to be explained on what actions the American government has, this paper will therefore describe and evaluate the main macro economic policies used by the American government, if there is any, over the last three years. How successful is the American government in running its Economy over the last three years? The American government performed well in terms of GDP and other growth measures for the last three years starting from 2005 up to the third quarter of 2007. GPD growth was recorded to have an average of 3 ? % from 2005 up to first quarter of 2006. This slowed down a little starting from second quarter of 2006 (2 ? %) to first and second quarter of 2007 , but the third quarter of 2007 appeared to started showing higher increases at 3. 9%. In describing the state of the US economy, Poole said â€Å"†¦The U. S. economy is highly productive, profit-making opportunities abound, interest rates and inflation are both relatively low and stable. † The economy is however not without any challenges to face. Said challenge is not the business cycle but how the US economy will adjust on many fronts to the baby boom generation retirement but Poole believes that the U. S. laws and institutions will enable the country to face these challenges with a better deal of buoyancy than in some other countries that is facing or will be facing the demographic challenge sooner. Poole expressed an assurance that the U. S. economy is fundamentally sound. He cited the fact that surveys of business economists over the past few years regularly pointed to key sources of strength of US economy and these include â€Å"a dynamic and flexible labour market and a financial system that rewards innovation and risk-taking by channelling capital to its highest rates of return. † He explained that the US market-based economy will allow companies â€Å"the ability and the incentive to innovate and to adapt quickly to changes in relative demands for goods and services. Thus he observes that present managements responding promptly to various shocks that shock the economy and according to him this is a growing dynamism of the U. S. economy which be believes is satisfactorily illustrated by the rise in the economy’s rate of productivity growth that has began as early as 1995 and there is still no sign of let up even at present. One way to check economic performance is the level of inflation. Poole said, that inflation as measured by the all-items CPI called â€Å"headline CPI inflation† slowed from 3. 4 percent in 2005 to 2. percent in 2006, while the inflation rate measured by the PCE (core inflation, which excludes food and energy prices) price index rose slowed from 2. 9 percent to 2. 3 percent over the same period. The decline of inflation in 2006 could only indicate remarkable effect of the monetary policy. Poole explained that the restraint of headline inflation is undeniably an indication of the sharp decline in energy prices over the second half of 2006. He added that most economists believe that core inflation is a better measure of inflation pressures. He also explained that that slight increase in the core PCE price index from 2. percent in 2005 to 2. 2 percent in 2006, and the core CPI index increase more, from 2. 2 to 2. 6 percent was negative indication. However, the core price pressures have been easing out lately which was an indication of a momentum that is headed to a favourable direction. What are the economic policies used by the American Government in managing the economy? The main macro economic policies used by the American government over the last three years include the use of its monetary policies. The use of monetary policy is evident in Federal Reserve Bank having raised its target for the federal funds rate from 1 percent in 2004 to 5? ercent in June of 2006 and is still maintained at present. It was the US monetary policy actions that have kept inflation largely, although not perfectly in check. Monetary policies involved the actions done by the Federal Reserve Bank to control money supply for purposing of managing inflation and necessarily GDP growth. Thus Poole believes that such monetary policy likely had something to do with the timing of slower GDP growth. He emphasized that the timing of slower GDP growth was the inevitable result of falling margin of underutilized resources. He admits however of other factors that is causing the slowdown starting in second quarter of 2006 which he felt as independent of monetary policy. One was the sharp increase energy prices, which showed improvement in the middle of 2006 while the other was considerable weakness in housing markets, which Poole believed may just now be giving off very tentative signal of the need to stop as has reached the bottom . In relation to the use of monetary policy to the US economy, Poole suggested three remarkable facts that deserve attention. He identified the first by saying that the real GDP growth, though sluggish in prior years has become robust starting in 2003, which may now have contributed a present low unemployment rate of 4. 6 percent. Another is that fact long-term inflation expectations were hardly shifted, while the third is the fact of quarterly average yield on 10-year nominal Treasury securities that was actually slightly lower than it was in mid 2002. Thus Poole is justifying that, â€Å"the economy has performed well despite a near tripling of crude oil prices since December 2001. He also pointed about the issue of present energy price increase. The first one is of course attributing, the increase in price â€Å"a consequence of a booming world economy, which raised energy demand rather than a supply shock; while the second one is attributing to monetary policies in the US and in most other countries have their jobs well of securing inflation expectations. † Despite a decline in growth in 2006 as compared to 2005, Poole found still further proof to the latest data on stable performance of the US economy. Poole, said, â€Å"†¦Particularly noteworthy was the larger-than-expected increase in real GDP during the fourth quarter of 2006. Following relatively anaemic rates of growth in the second and third quarters of 2006, growth of real GDP during the fourth quarter picked up nicely, rising to a 3. 5 percent annual rate. † Will the decline in the some of the measurable variable prove a failure of the monetary policy of the company? Poole cited two other aspects of the GDP report which were less favourable than the overall report. First, there was recorded slight decline in the business fixed investment during the fourth quarter of 2006. He interpreted that that the decline was nothing more than normal variation, as may be perhaps a consequence on the part of firms that were waiting for release of the new Vista operating system from Microsoft. To support his position, he explained that over the four quarters of 2006, a 6. 8 percent in non-residential fixed investment rose was recorded and one could readily appreciate that a healthy and expected increase given that the economy has continued to absorb excess capacity. This he even believe on the positive figures forecast for the economy that will â€Å"perhaps produce better than expected results. He however warned that â€Å"the extension of the fourth quarter weakness in business capital outlays going forward certainly would be a cause for concern. † The second noticeable aspect of the GDP report that was the nearly twenty percent rate of decline in residential fixed investment. He narrated that the decline began in the second quarter and was followed by a greater decline in each of the subsequent quarter. Thus he explained that as a normal result, the sharp decline in private housing starts and sales must have cause a significant pull on real GDP growth in 2006. Thus the second half of 2006, showed the contribution to real GDP growth from real residential fixed investment to have averaged about negative percentage points. This would prompt then the explanation for the slowing down in 2006 on why monetary policy was not applied to address the problem. Poole, explained that the Year 2006 was a hard situation for homebuilders as compared to 2005. He explained that following a record-setting rate of 1. 7 million units that have started in 2005, he noted that single-family started to fall to 1. 5 million units in 2006. He explained that the this average showed a comparatively large number of starts during the first half of the year which was followed by a much lower level of starts during the second half of 2006. This he noted December 2006- single-family starts which were approximately 16. 5 percent below annual average. In comparison, Poole cited the consensus of the Blue Chip forecasters made in December 2005 that real residential fixed investment would decrease by only about 1. 4 percent in 2006, using annual average data, but the actual the decline was about 4 ¼ percent. The rate fourth quarter as of 2006 is therefore obviously steeper, than the fourth quarter of 2005 to the fourth quarter of 2006. It may thus be observed that the slowing down of growth starting in the second quarter of 2006 may be attributed to the continued fall on sale of housing although presently there are already signs of recovery. But since the third quarter of 2007 has even exceeded even the average of growth rate prior to slight decline in second quarter of 2006, it may be argued that the problem of housing has eased out already. It may be concluded that the American government has been successful in running its Economy over the last three years in terms of GDP and controlled level of inflation and the lower interest rate. The main macro economic policies used by the American government over the last three years include mainly the use of its monetary policies through the Federal Reserve Bank of the US by raising interest rate a little in order to control inflation. Since it was able to do its part in controlling prices via inflationary measures the US Government through the Federal Reserve has done well it function of managing the economy.

Mutations in the Alpha 1,2-Mannosidase Gene Essay -- Scientific Resear

Introduction Intellectual disability (ID) is defined by the American Association of Intellectual Developmental Disabilities as having â€Å"significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior†. [1] Earlier it was believed that behavioral abnormalities, such as Intellectual Disability, were caused by the social or environmental environment in which the individual lived in.[2] However, with the breakthrough of the genetic analysis, it has been shown that more and more of our behavior is influenced, if not controlled, by our genes. [3]This advancement is important for our understanding of ID to expand. ID can occur when there is a mutation on one or more of the genes in the individual’s chromosome set. [3]There are different types of mutations; autosomal mutations (mutations occurring in one or more of the 44 autosomal chromosomes [in humans]), mutations in the sex chromosomes (the two chromosomes that amongst other things determine the individual’s sex), and there are also chromosomal disorders such as nondisjunction in where one of the two homologous chromosomes fails to separate from its sister chromatid during cell division, resulting in an extra chromosome in one daughter cell and one less chromosome in the other. [3] For parents that are carriers (heterozygous) of an allele that codes for an autosomal recessive trait (e.g. ID), each child they have will inherit one of the two alleles (dominant or recessive) from each parent. Following the Mendelian laws of inheritance, such parents can get offspring that are homozygous dominant (25% chance, will not result in ID), heterozygous like themselves (50% chance, will not result in ID, but will be carriers of the defective gene), or homozygous r... ...tations in the alpha 1,2-mannosidase gene, MAN1B1, cause autosomal-recessive intellectual disability. Am J Hum Genet. 2011 Jul 15;89(1):176-82. [6] Exome Sequencing [Internet]. Mountain View CA: Centrillion, 2011 [cited 2012 Feb 18]. Available from: http://www.centrillionbio.com/exome.php [7] Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson AR. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 December; 74(12): 5463–5467. [8] MeSH Browser [Internet]. Stockholm: Karolinska Institutet Universitetsbiblioteket; 2008 [updated 2011; cited 2012 Feb 20]. Available from: http://mesh.kib.ki.se/swemesh/swemesh_se.cfm. Leonard H, Wen X. The epidemiology of mental retardation: Challenges and opportunities in the new millenium. Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev., 8 (2002), pp. 117–134. Corresponding author: Helen Leonard (hleonard@cyllene.uwa.edu Mutations in the Alpha 1,2-Mannosidase Gene Essay -- Scientific Resear Introduction Intellectual disability (ID) is defined by the American Association of Intellectual Developmental Disabilities as having â€Å"significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior†. [1] Earlier it was believed that behavioral abnormalities, such as Intellectual Disability, were caused by the social or environmental environment in which the individual lived in.[2] However, with the breakthrough of the genetic analysis, it has been shown that more and more of our behavior is influenced, if not controlled, by our genes. [3]This advancement is important for our understanding of ID to expand. ID can occur when there is a mutation on one or more of the genes in the individual’s chromosome set. [3]There are different types of mutations; autosomal mutations (mutations occurring in one or more of the 44 autosomal chromosomes [in humans]), mutations in the sex chromosomes (the two chromosomes that amongst other things determine the individual’s sex), and there are also chromosomal disorders such as nondisjunction in where one of the two homologous chromosomes fails to separate from its sister chromatid during cell division, resulting in an extra chromosome in one daughter cell and one less chromosome in the other. [3] For parents that are carriers (heterozygous) of an allele that codes for an autosomal recessive trait (e.g. ID), each child they have will inherit one of the two alleles (dominant or recessive) from each parent. Following the Mendelian laws of inheritance, such parents can get offspring that are homozygous dominant (25% chance, will not result in ID), heterozygous like themselves (50% chance, will not result in ID, but will be carriers of the defective gene), or homozygous r... ...tations in the alpha 1,2-mannosidase gene, MAN1B1, cause autosomal-recessive intellectual disability. Am J Hum Genet. 2011 Jul 15;89(1):176-82. [6] Exome Sequencing [Internet]. Mountain View CA: Centrillion, 2011 [cited 2012 Feb 18]. Available from: http://www.centrillionbio.com/exome.php [7] Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson AR. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 December; 74(12): 5463–5467. [8] MeSH Browser [Internet]. Stockholm: Karolinska Institutet Universitetsbiblioteket; 2008 [updated 2011; cited 2012 Feb 20]. Available from: http://mesh.kib.ki.se/swemesh/swemesh_se.cfm. Leonard H, Wen X. The epidemiology of mental retardation: Challenges and opportunities in the new millenium. Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev., 8 (2002), pp. 117–134. Corresponding author: Helen Leonard (hleonard@cyllene.uwa.edu

Abuses of Technology

For the skeptic minds, this quotation is enough to rest the debate, however for many, It becomes important to make them see the other side of the picture as well. Social networking, news and knowledge on the go, cures and diagnosis of many diseases, connectivity around the world and turning the world in to a global village are some of the benefits of the technology. Sadly, humans have become so shallow that we close our eyes to any harmful effect of the things that give us the benefit of even the slightest percentage.Ladies and gentlemen, the problems that we are facing today's are Like a tribe with technology as their tribal flouters ancestor. Allow me to state my stance. Teen depression. Teen suicide. The figures attached to these numbers are massive and the rate of growth In these numbers Is high as well. The mall reason attached behind Is the abuse the teenagers face especially on the social networks such as Faceable. Everyone becomes a victim. No one has a personal life anymore. Privacy becomes an issue. Pictures of girls are circulated around the globe. One rumor is enough to ruin the life of an individual.Family ties are limited online as well. The emotional level is as unpredictable as a network connection. Weapons in the hands of the army are a symbol of valor and safety, in the hands of racist groups are the symbols of terrorism. This is the exact scenario for the social networking platforms. Little good has come out from social media activist than the harm from the rest of the world. Technology is used by many to gain knowledge. Everything is just a click away for the world. But let us question our self on an honest note, what type of knowledge do we gain from it. For how long can we sit and study.Books are the most renewable resource of information and knowledge and even while sitting online, we are referred to books. The harmful causes attached to it, eye sight, and constant vulnerability to radiations lead to cancerous diseases. Let us go back. Ir aq! What good use did technology bring? Nuclear bombs? Weapons of mass destruction? They said technology will lead to the exact location. Let me remind everyone where it led after killings millions, to a single word, Sorry. In the end ladies and gentlemen, I rest my case for the intellect of your mind to decide without being bias.By Sarah Alicia Abuses of Technology By Sarah-Alicia it becomes important to make them see the other side of the picture as well. Social are like a tribe with technology as their tribal fictitious ancestor. Allow me to state my and the rate of growth in these numbers is high as well. The main reason attached behind is the abuse the teenagers face especially on the social networks such as world. Technology is used by many to gain knowledge. Everything is Just a click away killings millions, too single word, Sorry. In the end ladies and gentlemen.