The Role of the Founder in creating the Organizational Culture Free Essay Example, 1750 words

Exotic also used stories to reflect their culture and influence other people s understanding of situation and events. The staff had put up a picture of the owner in the staff cafeteria and his messages were displayed all over. Even the dress code, etiquette and personal appearance were spelt out. Sympa, on the other hand, identified the staff as the most important resource. They believed in innovation and guest service and satisfaction was priority. Research demonstrates that there is a link between the focus of power in organizations and the perceived ability of such individuals to reduce uncertainty. They attracted the best talent in the industry which conforms to the theory that only service-oriented people are employed who identify with the corporate objectives. Power at Sympa resided in each and every person. They were empowered to use initiative and contribute to the decision making process. Such a cultural approach has the power to reduce staff turnover, reduce guest concerns and achieve distinctive service quality. While Exotic only provided further training to those who got through the first test, at Sympa, everyone enjoyed the benefits of continuous regular education. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of the Founder in creating the Organizational Culture or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The cultural approach extends the benefit of collective participation as in the case of Sympa. The top management just set the game plan and allowed the individuals to determine the details of implementation while at Exotic power and decision-making resided at the top of the management. Soft control is more subtle and a more powerful means of influencing behavior.

The Issue Surrounding Sydney s Environment - 1522 Words

The issue surrounding Sydney’s functionality, specifically in the metropolitan area is one of commodity, Sydney’s night life cannot live without the electricity to run it. But just where exactly does that electricity come from. What are the consequences of the systems we have in place to provide power, and are we implementing the right kind of sustainable resources for continual usage, these questions have been avoided through the medium of political induction, and scientific consideration. This case study considers the ideas of the aforementioned, and implements the systems and ideals of those in the Nordic town of Bergen in Norway. Sydney’s energy consumption resided solely on Coal and nuclear power grids until 2008 when the city of†¦show more content†¦For this reason, the disadvantages are just as important and are as follows; †¢ Hydro-electric schemes usually rely on the construction of dams which can have significant effects on river flows, water quality, flora and fauna †¢ Initially expensive to construct †¢ Siteing is difficult †¢ In times of drought, a common occurrence in Australia, water supplies can be reduced drastically thereby reducing the amount of electricity that can be generated. Sydney’s ability to overcome this sustainability crisis, relies on the infrastructure rules and regulations set out by the government in Canberra. It is the same legislation that allows the growth in ecologically friendly solutions that prohibits them from being enforced. As of Last years Annual report, for the NSW Renewable energy action plan 2015, the hydroelectrical capability is only 3.3% of its total potential energy. Figure 1 NSW

Immigration and Popular Culture free essay sample

Fussbudget Immigration and American Popular Culture All of the different ethnic groups that migrated from their homeland to the united States left some kind of mark on American popular culture. The European immigrants during the sass created a very large splash in the public eye through the use of cinema. In addition, the Jamaican immigrants in South Bronx during the sass made a name for themselves by introducing a form of music called rap.In this paper, I will be analyzing and comparing the similarities and differences between the effects of he Jewish immigrants and the Jamaican immigrants on American popular culture and how popular culture redefined these groups and gave them social and political Identities In the United States. Jewish immigrants of the sass took American popular culture by surprise through their mass takeover of the Hollywood film Industry. Through the creation of many production companies, these immigrants were able to establish themselves as a dominant figure in the movie industry early in their careers. Many of these Jewish productions are common names in our current cinema Industry such as Warner Brose. Miramar, and any of the other companies owned by the Weinstein brothers. A majority of the films produced by these companies were created on the idea of gangsters. However these gangsters portrayed in the films were double agents in the eyes of American people: criminal yet heroic, stylish yet tasteless, bold yet ultimately defeated. The gangster masquerade was an Important exercise in popular culture 3) Through these cinemas the movie producers were able to introduce slang terms into our society.Some of these terms, which are still popular today, are gate, clip, beef, and the joint. With these terms sneaking their way Into the American vernacular, the Jewish film producers were able to develop new words that were used by all of society and are soul used In our current era. By creating this image of the Jewish gangs « these immigrants not only created a name for themselves in Hollywood, but they were able to create a socio-political Identity In America.By establishing the Idea of the Jewish gangster In American popular culture, the Jewish immigrants developed a social image as being tough talking gangsters alongside the fact that the Jewish immigrants were seen as criminal figures. Due to he high levels of statistics that proved that Jewish immigrants were contributing to the corruption of American morals through a disproportionate Involvement In pimping, prostitution, robbery, and assault(21), the American public was beginning to label the young males of the Jewish immigration community as Juvenile delinquents.With this labeling of the Jewish youth, the Ameri can public began generalizing gangsters as not being American, but as being a foreign characteristic. He anti no gangster, hes one of them old-fashioned desperado. Gangsters is foreigners, and hes an American. (27) The confidence in which the character Pops, The Petrified Forest, distinguishes between gangsters and other forms of criminal behavior shows that after five years of producing these criminal based films the gangster had already become a widely circulating model of aggressive masculinity and suspect class and ethnic mobility. (27) Not only did the association of gangster/ 1 OFF public began idealizing that anything criminal was caused by the foreign immigrants. During the era of the post 1965 period came another very important immigration group: the Jamaican. During the sass and the sass, the Jamaican played an important role in the launching of a new form of music called hip-hop. The beginning of this Cultural Revolution began because of the high level of American cultural literacy the Jamaican immigrant came to the United States with.The country of Jamaica had been flooded with Americans goods and products since the sass. From American rhythm and blues to Hollywood Western mov ies, Jamaican took the offerings of First World power and changed them from During the sass, the Jamaican immigrants were able to create in the American paradigm of the music business. This shift was founded mostly on the Jamaican concept of barcarole(178) which translates to making new products out of minimal resources. One of the most recognized Jamaican immigrants that generated the idea of hip hop was a man by the name of Clive Campbell, aka DC Cool Here.One of Campbell more popular creations was when he extended the break of the song by switching between two of the same records. The idea of break dancing came from this early innovation. In addition, Clive Campbell created applied the ideas of using a vocalist during the break. Some of the catch phrases used consisted of to the beat fall and you dont stop. (180) These ideas that Campbell was introducing into American music were concepts that were already being used in Jamaica. If Jamaican had never immigrated, hip hop would have never become as popular as early as it did.With this introduction of rap into American culture came a love-hate relationship between Jamaican and the identity that they were given. Although many Sumerians practiced the idea of radical consumerism, a majority had salty feelings towards the idea of living in the economic and cultural shadow of the United States. However, many Jamaican immigrants had already seen themselves as internationalization because of the American missionaries, soldiers, and business people bringing them American cultural stuff. 197) This created the idea that New York City was no longer the center for Caribbean immigrants, but it was more of a Northern frontier as described by Roy Simon Bryce-Elaborate. This image of the Jamaican immigrants being on the forefront of the immigration frontier created an economic platform that everyone was trying to cash in on. For instance, the Jamaican government began sending ambassadors to the World Fair in New York in an attempt to spread their cultural boundaries. With the Jamaican immigrants making a huge impact in the American music business, they also were able to open new doors for their homeland in the international economy.The Jewish immigrants from Europe and the Jamaican immigrants both made a tremendous impact on the identity of American Popular culture. The Jewish immigrants revolutionized the film industry with their introduction of gangster films in Hollywood. With this splash landing in American culture the Jewish immigrants also managed to give themselves a bad name. On the same note, the Jamaican immigrants redefined the American music business with their use of the hip hop/rap genre. However, the Jamaican managed to make their impact on popular culture have a positive effect on their social image. Without these groups, popular culture

Cloning Why We Shouldnt Be Against It Essay Example For Students

Cloning: Why We Shouldnt Be Against It Essay Cloning: Why we shouldnt be against itLet American Consumer Counseling Help you Get Out of Debt!Cloning:Why we shouldnt be against itYou have been told that you are unique. The belief that there is no one else like you in the whole world made youfeel special and proud. This belief may not be true in the future. The world was stunned by the news in lateFebruary 1997 that a British embryologist named Ian Wilmut and his researchteam had successfully cloned a lamb named Dolly from an adult sheep. Dollywas created by replacing the DNA of one sheeps egg with the DNA of anothersheeps udder. While plants and lower forms of animal life have been successfullycloned for many years now, before Wilmuts announcement it had been thoughtby many to be unlikely that such a procedure could be performed on highermammals. The world media was immediately filled with heated discussionsabout the ethical implications of cloning. Some of the most powerful people in theworld have felt compelled to act against this threat. President Clintonswiftly imposed a ban on federal funding for human-cloning research. Billsare in the works in both houses of Congress to outlaw human cloning whichit taken to be a fundamentally evil thing that must be stopped. But whatis exactly bad about it? From an ethical point of view , it is difficultto see exactly what is wrong with cloning human beings. The people whoare afraid of cloning tend to think that someone will break into NapoleonsTomb, steal some DNA and make 2000 emperors. In reality, cloning wouldbe probably used by infertile people who now use donated sperm, eggs, orembryos. Do the potential harms outweigh the potential benefits of cloning?From what we know now, they dont. Therefore, we should not rush to bana potentially useful method of helping infertile, genetically at-risk,or single people to become parents. We can start by asking whether human beingshave a right to reproduce. I say Yes. I have no moral right to tellother people they shouldnt be able to have children, and I dont see thatBill Clinton has that right either. If humans have a right to reproduce,what right does society have to limit the means? Essentially all reproductionis done these days with medical help- at delivery, and even before. Trulynatural human reproduction would make pregnancy-related death the number.1killer of adult women. OF course, some forms of medical help aremore invasive than others. With in vitro fertilization, the sperm and eggare combined in the lab and surgically implanted in the womb. Less thantwo decades ago, a similar concern was raised over the ethical issues involvedin test-tube babies. Today, nearly 30,000 such babies have been bornin the United States alone. Many parents have been made happy. So whatlow or principle says that one combination of genetic material in a flaskis Ok, but another is not?Nature clones people all the time, andrather frequently. Approximately 1 in 1000 birth is of identical twins. However, despite how many or how few individual characteristics twins havein common, they are different people. They have their own identities, theirown thoughts, and their own rights. They enter different occupations, getdifferent diseases, have different experiences with marriage, alcohol,community leadership, and etc. They have different souls as would clonedindividuals. Even if somebody did clone 2,000 Napoleons, they would beeven more different from their parents than twins are from each other becausethe cloned child would be raised in a different historical period. Theargument that cloning robs individuals of their individuality thereforedoesnt hold. .ub6f8a4e258e320f419f0ad112eb87a88 , .ub6f8a4e258e320f419f0ad112eb87a88 .postImageUrl , .ub6f8a4e258e320f419f0ad112eb87a88 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub6f8a4e258e320f419f0ad112eb87a88 , .ub6f8a4e258e320f419f0ad112eb87a88:hover , .ub6f8a4e258e320f419f0ad112eb87a88:visited , .ub6f8a4e258e320f419f0ad112eb87a88:active { border:0!important; } .ub6f8a4e258e320f419f0ad112eb87a88 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub6f8a4e258e320f419f0ad112eb87a88 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub6f8a4e258e320f419f0ad112eb87a88:active , .ub6f8a4e258e320f419f0ad112eb87a88:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub6f8a4e258e320f419f0ad112eb87a88 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub6f8a4e258e320f419f0ad112eb87a88 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub6f8a4e258e320f419f0ad112eb87a88 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub6f8a4e258e320f419f0ad112eb87a88 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub6f8a4e258e320f419f0ad112eb87a88:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub6f8a4e258e320f419f0ad112eb87a88 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub6f8a4e258e320f419f0ad112eb87a88 .ub6f8a4e258e320f419f0ad112eb87a88-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub6f8a4e258e320f419f0ad112eb87a88:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Equal right for marriage EssayPerhaps the strongest ethical argumentagainst cloning is that it could lead to a new , unfamiliar type of familyrelationship. We have no idea what it would be like to grow up as the childof a parent who seems to know you from inside. Some psychological characteristicsmay be biologically based and the parent will know in advance what crisesa cloned teenager will go through and how he or she will respond. It mayproduce a good and loving relationship, because the parent may understand,to greater degree than most parents, what the child is going through. ONthe other hand, most children want to have their own space. Still, justbecause a family rela tionship is new and untried, is not a reason to condemnit automatically. IN the past . ,many types of family relationships wereconsidered harmful but later showed to cause no harm to the children. Amongthese are joint custody after divorce, gay and lesbian parenting, and interracialadoption. As with adoption, in-vitro fertilization, and use of donor sperm,how the child will react to the news about his /her arrival in the worldwill depend to a large extent on how the parents themselves feel aboutthis mode of reproduction. Parents and children may adjust to cloning farmore easily than we might think, just as it happened with in-vitro fertilization. One recurring image in anti-cloning propagandais of some evil dictator raising an army of cloned warriors. But who isgoing to raise such an army. Clones start out life as babies. It is mucheasier to recruit young adults than to take care of babies for 20 years. Remember that cloning isnt the same as genetic engineering. We cant makesupermen-we have to find him first and his bravery might- or might not be genetically determined. Some of you might think that cloning isplaying God. However, can you really say that you know Gods intentions. There is substantial disagreement as to what is God s will. But what Ifind interesting in this argument is something I read in article Cloning:Will They Soon Clone Human Beings? by Garner Ted Armstrong who wrote: Anyone who has truly proved God exists; that God isnt only Creator,but Lifegiver, Designer, Sustainer, and Ruler over all his creation, knowsthat the human family began with one man, and that a wife, miraculouslycreated form his own body and as unique and original a creation as Adamhimself, formed the first family. Though Gods miraculous creation of Evewas far from cloning, it is interesting to note in passing that Gods ownWord says He used Adams rib-physical bone and tissue to create Eve.Another argument against cloning is thatit would be available only to the wealthy and therefore would increasesocial inequality. What else is new? This is the story of American healthcare. We need a better health care system, no a ban on new technologies. To summarize, human cloning and cloningresearch shouldnt be made illegal by the U.S. Federal Government becauseit may provide a way for completely sterile individuals to reproduce, itmay provide a way for homosexual couples to reproduce themselves, it probablywill provide a valuable basic research and possible spin off technologiesrelated to reproduction and development, our society has respected generalright to control ones body in regard to reproduction, and finally prohibitingit would violate the fundamental freedom of scientific inquiring. Will human cloning be done? Undoubtedly. The technique used in sheep cloning does not require a highly sophisticatedlaboratory. Since the United States government doesnt support researchon the human cloning, and the United Kingdom, France , and Germany havebanned cloning, the research making cloning possible may take place inAsia, Eastern Europe, or the Near East. Much of it may take place in secret,and it will occur regardless of any United States policy. According tothe aˆÂ ¦.. approximately 80 % of Americans feel that cloningis wrong. However, the vast majority of people, including those who railagainst cloning research , owe their very lives to previous medical discoveries. .u7f023566e7b33ab9b6282a1d789568c2 , .u7f023566e7b33ab9b6282a1d789568c2 .postImageUrl , .u7f023566e7b33ab9b6282a1d789568c2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7f023566e7b33ab9b6282a1d789568c2 , .u7f023566e7b33ab9b6282a1d789568c2:hover , .u7f023566e7b33ab9b6282a1d789568c2:visited , .u7f023566e7b33ab9b6282a1d789568c2:active { border:0!important; } .u7f023566e7b33ab9b6282a1d789568c2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7f023566e7b33ab9b6282a1d789568c2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7f023566e7b33ab9b6282a1d789568c2:active , .u7f023566e7b33ab9b6282a1d789568c2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7f023566e7b33ab9b6282a1d789568c2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7f023566e7b33ab9b6282a1d789568c2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7f023566e7b33ab9b6282a1d789568c2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7f023566e7b33ab9b6282a1d789568c2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7f023566e7b33ab9b6282a1d789568c2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7f023566e7b33ab9b6282a1d789568c2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7f023566e7b33ab9b6282a1d789568c2 .u7f023566e7b33ab9b6282a1d789568c2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7f023566e7b33ab9b6282a1d789568c2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Christopher Columbus EssayDont let the forces of ignorance and fear turn us back from the research,and at this point, do not worry about Napolions Tomb . Only living cellscan be cloned.

Born First, Born Smarter Essays - Intelligence, Intelligence Tests

Born First, Born Smarter Born First, Born Smarter? The experiment that I read was Born First, Born Smarter. It was a study done by R. B. Zajonc and G. B. Markus in 1975. They planned to see why recent research had determined that the first-born child in a family related to certain characteristics. It was round that first-born children tend to be more verbally articulate, less impulsive, more active, better performers in school, more likely to go to college, and tend to have a greater need to achieve. It was also found that earlier-born children tend to score higher on tests of intelligence and aptitude than those born into the family later. One of the things researchers looked at was the different environments that a first-born and second-born enter into. The first born enters a world of just two adults. The second child's environment is significantly different because it enters a world of two adults and one young child. I believe this would have a big effect on the second child because he/she's parents will have to give attention to the first-born along with the second-born. Zajonc and Markus developed a theory to explain the relationship between birth order and intelligence. Their study was somewhat unusual because Zajonc and Markus never actually came into contact with any subjects, never observed any subjects, and never asked subjects to do anything. Instead of actually coming into contact with their subjects, Zajonc and Markus applied their theory to a set of data that had been gathered and published by other researchers, Belmont and Marolla. Belmont and Marolla gave 350,000 Dutch males a Raven test, which is similar to an I.Q. test. They found a strong relationship between the birth order of the men and their scores on the Raven test. The scores decreased as family size increased and also declined with birth order. Using the information provided by Belmont and Marolla, Zajonc and Markus proposed the theory that as family size increases, the average intellectual climate of the family decreases. Zajonc and Markus put the data from the Belmont and Marolla study into a table that provided information about the number of children and the average intellectual score for the children. They noticed that in larger families there is somewhat of a leveling off or even an increase in scores for the extreme later-born children. The reason for this increase is because the other siblings start to leave the family and contribute towards the average intellectual climate. Zajonc and Markus also found that twins and triplets performed lower on tests of intelligence than non-twin siblings. Zajonc and Markus didn't try to claim that the only determinates of intellectual ability were family size and birth order. There were other factors such as genetic heritage and prenatal care that also contribute to intellectual d evelopment. After reading about this research, I feel that it was very well done. It seems to be ethical and Zajonc and Markus had a large sample to evaluate. I personally agree with what was found in the study. I am the youngest of three children in my family. My brother is the oldest and he always took the hardest classes and got straight A's. My sister was the second oldest. She was a lot like my brother but she always went to my brother for help with her school work. Then it comes down to me. I had pretty good grades through school; mostly B's and a few A's. It just seems like the order of intelligence in my family goes down from my brother to me. One of the things that Zajonc and Markus couldn't evaluate was how motivated people are. The older sibling might be more intelligent but that doesn't mean they are a harder worker or more motivated that the last-born sibling. Psychology Essays

Essay Sample on the History of Computers Key Changes Along a Timeline

Essay Sample on the History of Computers Key Changes Along a Timeline The history of computers is short but very complicated. Computers have been through lot of changes throughout the past half-century. They also affect our society in many different ways today. The following paper describes how the computers have changed from 1970 to present. During 1970, Intel came out with a chip, which was the best selling semiconductor memory chip in the world. The chip was called Intel 1103 and it was first DRAM, dynamic Random Access Memory) chip. D.r. Robet H. Dennard developed it. His team and him had been working on it since 1966. The engineers needed to build a new type of chip for a calculator in 1971. So, they came out with a chip called Intel 4004. It was the first single chip general-purpose microprocessor built bye Intel. The chip was 4-bit and ran at a rate of 108 kHz and it also contained 2300 transistors. The chip dealt with up to 1 Kb of program memory and up to 4 Kb of data memory. In the early 70’s lot of new technology was being built. In 1973, IBM came out with the first hard disk drive. The hard disk used two 30 Mb platters. During the next decade, the hard disks were used in primary data storage, than in minicomputers and later in the early 80’s in personal computers. The first personal computer to use a hard disk was IBM PC/XT in 1983. In 1974, Gary Kildall developed CP/M (Control Program for Microcomputers). It was the first operating system to run on machines. CP/M became the permanent operation system for software development on small systems, but later the personal chose not to use CP/M. In 1975, MITS Altair was the first personal computer to get attention by a lot of people. It was made of Intel’s 8-bit 8080 processor. The MITS included 256 bytes of memory, toggle switches and an LED panel. Apple II was the beginning of the personal computers. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak developed the Apple II in 1977. It had a built in keyboard, graphics display and BASIC built in ROM. It was based on the MOS 6502 processor. Apple used MOS Techonology’s 6502 processor in the personal computers. It contained three 8-bit registers and an 8-bit stack pointer. It was one of the first personal computers that were useful to people and a new age of technology. In 1981, IBM came out with a PC. â€Å"The landmark announcement of the IBM PC stunned the computing world,† (Patterson 1). It was the first PC that surprised the world with its features and speed. The IBM PC came with a 64 Kb of RAM, a floppy drive and monochrome graphics, DOS, operating system based on CP/M. The PC was based on Intel’s 8088 processor. It was a 16-bit processor, which contained 8 registers and unique segmented 20-bit memory architecture capable of addressing 1 Mb of memory. It ran at a speed of 4.77 MHz. So the first IBM PC became pretty popular during the early 80’s. In 1982, a new computer came into the market with new technology and became very popular. â€Å"An estimated 22 million units were sold. That’s almost as many as all the Macintosh models put together, and it dwarfs IBM’s top-selling systems,† (Patterson 3). The Commodore had a 64 Kb of RAM and it was also the first personal computer with an audio synthesizer chip. In 1983, it came out with a portable version knows as the SX-64. It was the first color portable computer. It was based on the MOS 6510 and it also had fast color graphics. The Commodore was a cheap computer for the features it had and people all around the world bought it. Later in 1984, Apple came out with a new computer called the Macintosh. The Macintosh was sold for $2495. It had 128 Kb of RAM, it also had a 3.5† floppy disk drive, which held more data than the 5.25† disks. Motorola’s 68000 processor powered it. It was a 32-bit processor and it also contained 60,000 transistors and had 16 registers. This computer became popular during the 80’s but Commodore was still dominating during the time. During the mid 1980’s IBM came out with a new and better computer known as the IBM PC/AT. It had Intel’s fast 80286 processor that ran at 6 MHz, merged with 16-bit busses. The 80286 made the new PC/AT faster than the original PC. It came with a lot more ram 512 or 640 Kb and new floppy disks drives which could hold up to 1.2 Mb. In the late 80’s Apple came out with a new computer known as the Macintosh II. It was first color computer by Macintosh. The color was 8 bit deep and it was also available in 24-bit. The graphics of the Macintosh II inspired Adobe to make a photo editing software called Photoshop. The Macintosh II had a 14† color monitor. The screen resolution went up to 640 x 480 and it had RAM of 64 Mb. It had a Motorola 68020 processor with 6881 FPU. It was one of the expensive computers of the time; it costs were $5498 for a standard configuration, which included 1 Mb of RAM and a 40 Mb hard disk. The Macintosh II was not a popular computer, customers complained about the price being too high. After Steve Jobs left Apple he came up with his own computers knows as the NeXT, which was released in 1989. It had a Motorola 68040 processor; 8 Mb of RAM a built in DSP, digital signal processor and the first commercial magneto optical drive, which has 256 Mb capacity. The NeXT had some faults to it. The computer was sold for $10, 000 which was too high. Another fault in the computer was it used Objective C, a mix of C and Smalltalk instead of using C++. So it was so expensive for the consumers to by it and the use of wrong type of language. In 1993, Intel Pentium Processor began developing and went through the industry faster than any of the previous processors by Intel. In 1994 and 1995, standard configuration of an Pentium processor ran between 60 and 120 MHz, 4-16 Mb of RAM, about 200 Mb of disk space, 8-bit 640 x 480 Super VGA graphics, a 14† color monitor, a CD-ROM drive, and ran under Windows 3.1. The cost of it was from $1800 to $2500 depending on design. In 1994, Apple introduced a new computer known as the Power Macintosh. The new Power Macintosh 6100 had 60 MHz PowerPC 601 processor. It also included 8 Mb of RAM, 16-bit 640 x 480 graphics, 16-bit stereo, 250 Mb hard disk, a CD-ROM drive and a built in Ethernet. It also came with a 14† color monitor with built in speakers in the monitor. Its total cost of the machine was $2289. On August 24 1995, Microsoft came out with Windows 95. Which became very popular and it was affordable for many of the families. It had full networking support; it included tolls for accessing the Internet. The operating system was 32-bit, which helped in improving the performance of the computer. Windows 95 were being advertised everywhere. They were being advertised on TV, radio, newspaper, magazines, billboards and many other places. The PC industry became very popular when Windows 95 was releases because it was affordable and easy to use. In the late 1990’s, the computers became very fast with higher RAM. It was 700 MHz and about 64 MB of RAM. The hard drive space also went up a lot to 15-20 GB. Which was a big improvement from the previous computers. Today the computers are extremely fast. It has reached the speed of 3.0 GHz and hard drive space up to 120 GB on personal computers. They also come with a built in DVD/CD ROM and a CD burner. The prices for all the computers today are really cheap and most of the people can afford it. Almost everyone has a personal computer in their house or their business. Computers run most of the machines being run today. For example, the computers are controlling the touch free car washes, like when to stop a certain thing and when to start it. So the computers are dominating a lot of things these days. Therefore, computers have changed a lot during the past century. They went from 108 KHz to 3.0 GHz. That is a huge change during the past half century. Computers are going to get really advanced and really fast in the future. It is going to keep growing in the future. So the computers play a huge role today in our society all over the world.

Health care interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health care interview - Essay Example followed healthy lifestyle with outdoor activities and nutritious food habits. They mainly access healthcare through medical expenses and consult their local doctors. As part of baby boomers’ generation, their health related expenses are fully insured by state and Medicare takes care of it. They are satisfied because they find their doctors friendly who empowers them with information about illness so that they can take better prevention next time. In the times of the fathers, life had become more hectic which left little time for outdoor activities. The technology had infiltrated all aspects of their personal and professional life. They access healthcare through local government clinic and specialist that have opted for in their health insurance. Most pertinently, healthcare deliverables had become market driven. Healthcare is purchased by individuals and employers from private agencies and insurers and not government. This segment is not satisfied as they could only opt for healthcare plans which they could afford and not what they actually required. It also meant that in cases of serious illness, their finances were stretched badly. For poor and marginalized population access to quality healthcare was limited due to lack of resources. Access to healthcare services was also tedious due to long queue and waiting. Access to healthcare services were accessed mainly by prior appointments with specialists and relied on strict med ications for getting well. They were more resigned to higher cost of healthcare and had little faith in alternative medicines. The current generation of people is technology driven but it also realizes the importance of holistic treatment. It believes in empowered decisions and therefore is more inclined to research the illnesses through internet. They access healthcare through local dispensary as well as consult specialist if the

Macroeconomics Problem Set Speech or Presentation

Macroeconomics Problem Set - Speech or Presentation Example From (b), it is evident that that velocity of money is equal to the nominal interest rate. Velocity will, therefore, grow if interest rate also grows. Hence, if interest rate is a constant velocity is also constant. Velocity will, therefore, grow if interest rate also grows. Money neutrality means that money supply does not affect real variables but only affects the nominal variables. An increase in the money supply will hence have an effect on all prices but not on the real GDP or real prices. Structural unemployment results from structural changes in the economy that makes employees obsolete. It is a lack of the required type of workers; there is a difference between the skills employers are looking for and the available employee’s skills. 3. Researchers at Purdue have collected data on the number of undergraduate Purdue students either involved in a relationship or uninvolved. Among involved students, 10% experience a breakup of their relationship each month. Among uninvolved students, 5% enter into a relationship every month. Illustrate the flow of students between the two states (involved and uninvolved) using a diagram. What is the steady-state fraction of residents who are

Cities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Cities - Essay Example Therefore to fulfill these requirements people come together and build a city where they facilitate every possible requirement of human nature. What makes a place a city are the people who live there, their interactions and activities. It’s not only perceived as a gathering of millions of people but also by the constructions and infrastructure designed for man’s feasibility and convenience. Kevin Lynch describes an environmental image in three components: identity, structure and the meaning. The identity for which the city is known and distinguished, the structure- how it is build and designed and then the meaning is the relation people have with it (Lynch, 1960). In 18000 only 3% of the world population lived in the urban areas; However, by 1900, 14% were urbanites. With time the percentage increased and today we have urbanized the maximum possible earth and with the rate of population increasing the entire world would be urbanized soon. Cities are known as a place of opportunities where money, services employment are centralized. In rural areas it is difficult for people to achieve the requirements the way they can in cities. Living in cities facilitates people with numerous opportunities, luxuries and diversities like transportation, education and jobs. It is an established place where one can actually promote his way towards success. Business generates the demand of labor which eventually results in employment to bag money. People in rural areas have low income and huge families to make both ends meet they need money for which they belief city is a better place. For instance a farmer or a fisherman might not pull that money in a rural area as compared to that he can in city (Scott, 1981). City provides them with the opportunity of variety of jobs to all calipers of people. A reason to this is also the population density in urban areas, more people have numerous demands

Totalitarianism In Orwells 1984 Politics Essay

Totalitarianism In Orwells 1984 Politics Essay George Orwells 1984 is about a man Winston Smith in a country called Oceania with a government called IngSoc. Winston lives in constant fear as he is arrested and tortured by members of the Party, people participating in IngSoc. Orwell shows how IngSoc is a controlling government. Also, he discusses the dangers of a government like IngSoc. IngSoc is a totalitarian government. Orwell denounces totalitarianism by creating a dystopia that has a totalitarian government. Totalitarianism is the form of government that theoretically permits no individual freedom and that seeks to subordinate all aspects of the individuals life to the authority of the government. When Orwell published 1984, totalitarianism denoted a society in which political power was in the hands of a dictator or leader and a nontraditional ruling elite; the mass of the population was not only politically powerless but deprived of all intellectual and cultural resources (Gleason, 148). Totalitarianism is a tempting option for countries whose citizens are suffering. The totalitarian states of Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler (1933-45) and the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin (1924-53) were the first examples of decentralized or popular totalitarianism, in which the state achieved overwhelming popular support for its leadership (totalitarianism n.p.). In Nazi Germany, the citizens were overcoming a huge depression resulting from the loss in World War I. In the Soviet Union, the people ov erthrew an unproductive, uncaring Tsarist government. George Orwell had many bad experiences with totalitarianism, and recounts these events in 1984. He experienced firsthand the effects of a fascist government in World War II. In 1948, when Orwells 1984 was first published, World War II had just ended. During World War II, mass murders were ordered by totalitarian leaders like Adolf Hitler and Josef Stalin. Adolf Hitler, in Germany, had slaughtered his enemiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ killing six million Jews plus nine million Slavs, gypsies, political dissidents, homosexuals, and mentally challenged people (1984 242). Orwell, influenced by genocide caused by a single powerful man, prompted him to reflect upon the cause of so many deaths. He powerfully expresses his worries about the dangers of a totalitarian government by creating his own dystopia in 1984. A totalitarian government works to control the mind of the people. One way to induce subservience is to control pleasure. The Party controls people by limiting and suppressing pleasure. To remove the pleasure from society diminishes the morale of the people, allowing the government to enforce its will. Sex is a social activity looked down upon by the Party through organizations like the Junior Anti-Sex League. Laurence Lerner suggests, [Orwell] considers [sex] extremely important because of its concentration on pure pleasure and IngSoc is a society dedicated to the abolition of pleasure (Bloom 73). Julia uses sex as a medium to rebel against the Party. Seeing Julias rebellious act, Winston joins her and expresses his desire for rebellion as well. Scores of time she had done ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Anything that hinted at corruption always filled him with a wild hope (Orwell 125). Winstons hope is exactly what a totalitarian government desires to destroy. Also, when OBrien tortures Winston in Room 101, he reveals the motives of the Party: The sex instinct will be eradicated. Procreation will be an annual formality like the renewal of a ration card. We shall abolish orgasm (Orwell, 267). By removing the pleasures of sex and all pleasures of society, the Inner Party is free to exert its will upon the citizens of Oceania. Under totalitarian rule, traditional social institutions and organizations are discouraged and suppressed (totalitarianism n.p.). Totalitarianism takes away freedom by installing surveillance and limiting activity. The Party uses the Thought Police, Spies, and telescreens to monitor the citizens of Oceania at all times. Winston buys a blank diary and writes in it while he is in his flat. However, Winston fears the Thought Police will catch him for Thoughtcrime. Winston had committedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the essential crime that contained others in itself. Thoughtcrime they called it (Orwell 19). The Party can accuse anyone of committing Thoughtcrime, even without any evidence. Parsons was taken away by his own children for committing Thoughtcrime. Thoughtcrime also has the ultimate penalty: Thoughtcrime does not entail death: Thoughtcrime IS death (Orwell 28). When free thought is a crime, the government can destroy any mode of thinking which is not its own. When Winston first sees Julia, he is worried that she is a spy. Whether she was really an agent of the Thought Police, or simply an amateur spy actuated by officiousness, hardly mattered (Orwell 101). Winston lives in constant fear of being caught and tortured by the Party. The Spies are a group of children who are taught how to catch adults of committing Thoughtcrime. Parsons children, members of the Spies, turn in their own father to the Party through dedication to the Party. Julia and Winston are in what they think is the last safe place, a room without a telescreen. However, the room hides a telescreens behind a picture, allowing the Party to spy on them while engaged in private activity. A government that can fully monitor its citizens instills fear and maintains full control. The Party uses the media to confuse its citizens. On the telescreens pictures of the enemy, Emanuel Goldstein, appear with other subliminal messages. A depiction of Goldstein shows a lean Jewish face, with a great fuzzy aureole of white hair and a small goatee beard- a clever face, and yet somehow inherently despicable (Orwell 12). His despicable face incites anger in the population, even if directed at an imaginary figure. The anger is then redirected toward the true enemy, as the telescreens then show pictures of Eurasian soldiers, the country Oceania is at war against. Manipulating the media manipulates the attitudes citizens have. The Party uses Newspeak and doublethink to confuse the citizens of Oceania. NEWSPEAK is calculated to get rid of individuality by limiting the range of though through cutting the choice of words to a minimum (1984, 249). The Party restricts the words used to be only positive, preventing any negative comments towards the government. The purpose of Newspe ak was not only to provide a medium of expression for the world-vie and mental habits proper to the devotees of IngSoc, but to make all other modes of thought impossible (Orwell, 299). To eliminate other modes of thought is to eliminate the inherent freedom of thought. Totalitarianism leaders sole concern is gaining power. The Party seeks power entirely for its own sake. We are not interested in the good of others; we are interested solely in power. Not wealth or luxury or a long life or happiness; only power, pure power (Orwell, 263). Orwell intends to manifest the intentions of Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin, but to a more extreme level. The German Nazis and the Russian Communists came very close to us in their methods, but they never had the courage to recognize their own motives. They pretended that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ there lay a paradise where human beings would be free and equal. We are not like that. We know that no one ever seizes power with the intention of relinquishing it (Orwell, 263). Orwell parallels the motives of the Party with the motives of the Nazis and Communists to a greater extent. The Nazis and Communists had original intentions of freedom and prosperity for their people, but were deluded by a thirst for power. In Oceania, the g overnment has willingly accepted full power and a truly totalitarian government where Big Brother does indeed control all. In Nazi Germany and Stalins Soviet Union, whole classes of people, such as the Jews and the kulaks (wealthy peasant farmers) respectively, were singled out for persecution and extinction. (totalitarianism, n.p.). Totalitarianism blinds the citizens of Oceania. The proles, carrying a different view than the Party members, are branded as evil. The Party taught that the proles were natural inferiors who must be kept in subjection, like animals, by the application of a few simple rules (Orwell, 71). The inferiority of the proles is compared to animals, which lack intelligence to humans. Although the proles have the power to rebel, the Party forces them to believe they are inferior to humans, causing them to live separate from the population. Totalitarianism is a tempting option for countries overcome with poverty. Orwell advises to the citizens of those countries to not select that path. Countries like Germany, Italy, and Russia have instilled totalitarian government into their countries, causing many deaths, and many to lose freedoms. Totalitarian leaders are only concerned with genuine power no matter how many people are harmed.

The Catcher in the Rye Essay examples -- J. D. Salinger

The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger is a controversial book from many aspects. There was a public uproar when it was primarily released in 1951, mainly due to the profanity and sexual exploitation within. Salinger was able to construct the text in a unique manner, writing from the perspective of a highly critical, lonely and depressed 17 year old boy, Holden Caulfield, who recounts an incident which occurred one year ago. Holden was expelled from Pencey Prep, a rich and well known prep school with a good reputation. He dropped out due to academic failure but claimed that â€Å"he could’ve done the work, he just chose not to apply himself.† Holden decided to give his parents time to digest the news so they wouldn’t be overwhelmingly furious with him, and the few days which he had to squander resulted in some of the most life-changing experiences of his life as he realized many things he hadn’t been aware of previously. The narrative perspective is a critical component of the text. It explores the protagonist’s (Holden’s) many narrow-minded views on the world around him. He frequently affirms that the world is filled with hypocrisy and â€Å"phoninessâ€Å". Holden narrates in a cynical and skeptical manner and could almost be described as narcissistic at times, despite the fact that he may be perceived as intelligent and sensitive in some ways. His attitude remains contemptuous and derisive throughout the progress of the book, suggesting that although he has had many significant experiences, his views on insincerity in society have not altered. Holden is often quick to judge and stereotype when labeling hypocrites and phonies. For example, he professes to despise cinema for its representation of phoniness, but at times makes thoughtful... ...om the depression and loneliness he feels at times. Following his expulsion, Holden primarily visits his history teacher, Mr. Spencer. He talks with old acquaintances at school and then leaves for New York, where he regularly relocates. He travels to bars and nightclubs where he befriends some people, including three tourists from Seattle for whom he buys drinks. It is implied that Holden eventually returns home and was psychoanalyzed. The variation of settings encapsulates Holden’s impetuosity which is a vital part of his personality. In conclusion, J.D. Salinger was able to develop the novel using many techniques which further add to the enthralling plot. The Catcher in the Rye is an exceptional book, but not simply because of the content of the text, it is the manner in which it is conveyed that makes it distinguishable from many other controversial texts.

A Raisin in the Sun: Poem of Insecurities Essay

The dreams of the characters in the Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry illustrated the theme of Langston Hughes poem. Lena, Walter, Ruth, and Beneatha all lived under the same roof, but their aspirations were all different. Being the head of the house, Lena just wanted her children to live the lives they imagined for themselves. Walter’s dream was to invest his mother’s money in a liquor store and to create a better life for his son Travis. Beneatha in the other hand wants to use her mother’s money to become a doctor when she got out of college and Ruth wants to be wealthy. A Raisin in the Sun was a book about â€Å"dreams deferred† and in this book Loraine Hansberry fluently described the dreams of the Younger Family and how their dreams became a destructive weapon on their family. Lena Younger, Walter and Beneatha’s mother was a widow who devoted her life to her children after her husband died. When she retired she was waiting for her husband’s insurance money to arrive. With the ten thousand dollars in her hand, Lena decided to buy a 3500 dollar house at Clybourne Park and she was also going to put some money in the bank for Beneatha so she could go to medical school. Those were her dreams, they were so simple and ordinary and also beautiful. She expected everyone to be delighted and surprised of the things she had done with the check and indeed they were, except for Walter. While Lena got her pie in the sky, Walter was upset his mother had spent the insurance money on the house and thought it wasn’t fair that Beneatha got some of it for her medical school while he got nothing for his liquor store business. Walter always discussed his dream thoroughly to his family and talked about how it would make their lives different, but Lena, who always wanted her son to be happy, trustingly gave the rest of the insurance money to Walter. Holding the money in his hands, Walter thanked his mother and appreciated the trust she had in him. Walter then gave the money to his buddies so that they could get him the liquor license without realizing that they betrayed him. This is how a dream can become destructive for others. As his dream crumbled into pieces, he began to regret that he didn’t listen to his mother, wife, and sister. He not only destroyed Beneatha and his dream but Ruth’s as well. Ruth was pregnant during his moment in despair and forgave and encouraged him to start everything over. Ruth, whose dream was to be wealthy and to have a fine family, calmly accepted the fact that her dream was only a dream. To her, it was a consolation that her husband had come back to reality after his unsuccessful dream. It is not essential to keep a dream alive, reason why is because if you don’t accomplish your reverie you’ll spend your whole life complaining about it. Ruth was not about to do that, she sucked it up and forgave Walter. Beneatha was upset to hear that Walter didn’t put anything in the bank for her medical school. Sad and depressed that the reality turned out differently from her dream, Beneatha gave up hope of becoming a doctor. Fortunately, her friend Asagai kept her dream alive and convinced her that there was still hope and ream in the world and that she should forget about the money because if her father did not die then she would have never gotten the chance. So Beneatha went with Asagai to his homeland, Nigeria, to practice her medical career. Conclusively, the family forgot their despair and moved to the new house for a new life. Although they knew it was tough to start everything over, but for them, it was as if their lives had just begun. Lorraine Hansberry had successfully illustrated the four main characters in the story as human beings with desires, dreams, aspirations, conflict, foibles, and strength. And it was â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† that expressed those dreams and desires and how they ended up as â€Å"dreams deferred.†

Doing Business in China Essays

Doing Business in China Essays Doing Business in China Essay Doing Business in China Essay Why I have chosen Mr Siboni? As can be evidenced by the transcript of the interview, my choice for a person to interview is not really indiscriminate. I have given my choice of an interviewee a long and serious thought, considering the professional and actual view of the person. One of the reasons for this comes from the fact that before I actually chose the International Business and Trade Program of American University in Washington DC, I had already formulated a general idea of my career path. In fact, I had even considered all the steps that I had to take in order to pursue my career. I have always thought that China is a country wherein business is a primary endeavour. Business is an interesting thing to pursue. With the current economic growth, China has quickly emerged as one of the most dominant economic forces of the 20th century. The rewards from this growth are available to those who are able to take advantage of this emerging market. One of these people is the person that I have selected for interview, Mr. Siboni, is the founder and incorporator of a sourcing company that is located in China. The company of Mr Siboni was a product of his studies that involved the emerging markets in China. During the time that he spent in China, Mr Siboni realized that there was a large untapped market in this sector and he was determined to take advantage of this. His deep understanding of the Chinese Cultural Traditions has enabled him to gain an insight into the intricate machinations that are involved in the Chinese market. Since the Chinese Business Market model is quite different from other markets, a unique approach that can only be gained by being immersed in the culture is quite necessary. As the world currently struggles to deal with the economic behemoth known as China, the key to being successful in China lies in being able to understand these differences. Mr Siboni has done exactly that by forming his sourcing company in China. He understands that the strength of the Chinese production economy manages to keep costs low and thus enticing more buyers to consume Chinese products. This perspective is quite different from the traditional understanding of the business model on the global scale. The advantage that Mr Siboni possesses is due to the fact that he completely understood the Chinese way of conducting business and that this method was completely different from the European way of doing business. This eventually prompted him to create his own company in China. By creating his base of operations in China where production costs are brought down and a cost advantage is created, he was also able to expand by acting as a conduit between France and China. This is the same thing that I envision myself doing in the future. By sourcing in China and creating a network in Morocco, I feel that I can attain the same level of success that Mr Siboni currently enjoys. With the help of the IBT certificate at AU, I foresee that I will have many business opportunities. Given my experience with China and the understanding of the Chinese economy that I plan to gain, I am confident that China will indeed play a major role in my career in the future. The world is fast becoming a borderless place. Cultures, races, beliefs and ideologies are blend together and interact because of the growing advances in communications. In order to succeed in this world, one needs to be able to adapt to the various cultural differences as well as be able to maintain a certain sense of individual identity. Mr Siboni is the best example of this. At the young age of 26 years old, he has experienced everything that I plan on doing in the future. He has figured out all the procedures and challenges of doing business in China and has succeeded at it as well. Thanks to this interview and the questions that I was able to ask him, I too felt that I can be as successful as he is in the future.

Cause and Effect of Oil Prices on the U.S. and World Economy

Cause and Effect of Oil Prices on the U.S. and World Economy Oil prices are continuously fluctuating resulting in various effects in the U.S and world at large. This may be due to the fact that oil is a very critical commodity with regard to the operations of any country hence; a slight change in the macro or micro environments of the oil producing countries alters the oil prices.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cause and Effect of Oil Prices on the U.S. and World Economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are various direct and indirect factors that affect oil prices. Oil prices have substantial effect on the economy of the U. S. as well as that of the entire world. This paper seeks to talk about the causes and effects of oil prices on the U.S and the world economy. Various geo-political factors and natural calamities like the North Korean missile tests, hurricane Katrina and the conflict between Israel and Lebanon in 2006 are deemed to have an indirect link to the global oil market, but have great short-term effects on oil prices (Tuttle Ola, 2010). However, the onset of global recession in 2008 seemed to indicate that the aforementioned factors have insignificant effects on oil prices because the recession was associated with a fall in oil price from $147 to $32. Fall in oil prices has a positive effect on the economy of the U. S. as well as that of the entire world since business activities are not limited (Tuttle Ola, 2010). Supply disruption is also conceived to be an attributing factor to oil prices with the incidence of 1973 as evidence. The oil supply growth has been slow despite the fact that oil production has surpassed new discoveries. Similarly, the demand is too high to be met by the slow supply for oil hence, acting as an attributing factor for oil prices as well. High demand and low supply leads to an increase in oil price. The United States is the leading consumer of oil and high oil prices usually have a very great impact on the c ountry’s economy (Roubini Setser, 2004). The impact of oil prices varies depending on the fluctuation of the continuously changing oil prices. When fluctuation in oil price is increased, then the effect on the U. S. and global economy is negatively affected. The U. S., as well as the global economy improves with every decline in oil price. The effects of oil price shocks are great and have been the reason for every U.S. and global recession experienced in the past. Oil price shocks tend to suppress the economic growth of the U.S and related oil importing countries. An adamant escalation in oil price by 10% leads to a reduction in the US and global economic growth rates by 0.3-0.4% in one year. High oil prices lead to reduced consumer spending hence a reduction on economic growth. An increase in oil prices results in increased production costs and a reduction in profits for industries that highly rely on oil in the United States (Roubini Setser, 2004).Advertising Loo king for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The international Energy Agency (IEA) supports the highly held conventional wisdom that oil price increase leads to lowered GDP and increased inflation and high rates of unemployment causing a general dwindle in OECD’s economies. Facts show that barrel increase by 10 $ results in a reduction of OECD’s GDP by 0.4%, which is below baseline, as was the case in 2004 and 2005 respectively. In addition, the inflation rate is raised by 0.5 and 0.6% respectively, above the standard or acceptable rates (McKibbin Stoeckel, 2004). It is without doubt that oil prices have a great impact on the U.S and global economy. Oil prices are continuously changing due to various factors as mentioned above. An increase in oil prices is however associated with lowered economic growth, high rates of inflation and unemployment while acceptable/reduced oil prices ensu re economic growth, increased business activities as well as increased consumer spending. Regulation of oil prices is very important because it is apparent that high oil prices negatively affect the U.S and global economy. References McKibbin, W., Stoeckel, A. (2004). Oil Price Scenarios and the Global Economy. Economic Scenarios. Web. Roubini, N., Setser, B. (2004). The Effects of the Recent Oil Price Shock on the U. S. and Global Economy. Web. Tuttle, R., Ola, G. (2010). Oil Ministers See Demand, Prices Rising Undeterred by Greek Debt Crisis. Bloomberg. Web.

Strategic Human Resources Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Human Resources Plan - Essay Example Strategy formulation is one of the ways of achieving this objective. It has the capability of transforming the organization. It is very important that the human resources of the business are aligning with the business model in order to support the organization's objectives (Baki, 2004). There are a variety of HR strategies that Ford can use; some of the firms use a combination of this in order to accomplish their goals. That strategy should be implemented which is likely to have a significant impact on the workers productivity and an impact on the human resource of the company. Ford is the world's fourth largest and one of the most successful automaker therefore it needs a strategy that will have a global impact and facilitate the entire organization across the globe to benefit from it. E-HR model is one of the ways of making use of the technology in order to control the human resource of the organization. This strategy can save costs and make the system a lot more efficient and enhance decision making in the organization. Its software and computer based tools can help the company in measurement, planning and controlling process. Ford is the world's fourth largest and one of the most successful automaker therefore it needs a strategy that will have a global impact and facilitate the entire organization across the globe to benefit from it. E-HR model is one of the ways of making use of the technology in order to control the human resource of the organization. This strategy can save costs and make the system a lot more efficient and enhance decision making in the organization. Its software and computer based tools can help the company in measurement, planning and controlling process. Suggested strategy and tactics for the function Ford is the world's fourth largest and one of the most successful automaker therefore it needs a strategy that will have a global impact and facilitate the entire organization across the globe to benefit from it. E-HR model is one of the ways of making use of the technology in order to control the human resource of the organization. This strategy can save costs and make the system a lot more efficient and enhance decision making in the organization. Its software and computer based tools can help the company in measurement, planning and controlling process (Daft, 2001). Improvement in the organizational performance Like technology has made work a more lot easier in various other fields it has also in HR management. With the inclusion of e-technology in Ford there would be less paper work involved as most of the work will be computerized. The company can benefit from the e-learning tools; there can be online tracking systems and assessment tests for the employees. Accurate data will be generated by the computer which can help in decision making for the senior management through the use of six sigma tools and the supply chain techniques and keep a track of the progress and need for improvement. This kind of information is helpful in maintaining employee retention, compensation and assessment decisions. if the implementation is effective then this strategy can have its long term impact on the HR because the use of technology has made work more efficient, fast and informed decisions are made closer to the customer. Larger data bases help to reduce the failure rate and increase the quality of decisi on making and alert the management in advance of any upcoming threats or problem so that timely action can be taken. Therefore the impact on this on Ford is going to be high (Hakala, 2008) . Key action items This strategy requires the implementation of technology and human resource information system in all the HR processes. Up to date technology and software are expensive and require training in order to be used effectively by the

Final exam- Choose the following prompt and write an organized well- Essay

Final exam- Choose the following prompt and write an organized well- developed as a response - Essay Example On a macroscopic point of view, one can argue that when Achebe decided to write Things Fall Apart in English he somehow intended it to teach the significance of acknowledging multiple perspectives at least as much, if not more, than by his fellow Nigerians (Achebe, 1994). His goal probably was to critique and amend the societal notion of looking at an idea through one angle. In Things, Fall Apart the author specifically deals with the subject by exploring how the prospect and reality of societal change affect a set of characters. The tension and suspicion concerning whether transformation should be privileged over culture is given a narrow though and normally involves the notion of personal status. Taking Okonkwo, for instance, his resistance to the new religious and political orders is shallowly based since he has an opinion that they are not manly. He also feels that since the new ideologies are not as manly, they may, in the long run, make him less manly. To some extent seem may true in a nutshell but that is not the reality as the books proceeds. By analysis emphasize the fear to explore that many people normally fall prey to. The society more often than not presumes that what they hear or made to believe qualifies as the truth. The reality is that This Okonkwo’s resistance to traditional change. Likewise, it Okonkwo’s s fear of losing societal status he previously enjoyed. In other words, a feeling of self-worth which can be seen to be dependent upon a set of traditional standards through which society values or evaluates him. Sadly, he uses these fears and shallow observations to claim and justify his fears. What Chinua Achebe emphasizes is the need to look at issues from a broader angle before laying claims. Through the book, he has hinted that what is perceived by many as the truth many be far from it. Just as in

The Myths of Negotiating Dark Networks Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Myths of Negotiating Dark Networks - Article Example They clarify that â€Å"in contrast to hierarchies, networks lack top-down command and authoritative dispute settlement† (2008: 11). While they acknowledge the commonly cited advantages of networked actors – efficient communication and information processing, scalability, adaptability, resilience, and learning capacity – they rightfully caution that all of these may not apply to every type of network. Eistrup-Sangiovanni and Jones identify three kinds of networks: the chain network, the wheel network, and the all-channel network. Illicit networks are primarily of the first two variants and many, if not most, suffer from â€Å"inefficiencies and short life-cycles† (2008: 17). The scholarship on networks, they claim, pays scant attention to historical evidence and extant studies of terrorism, insurgency, and organized crime. Dark networks suffer from information limitations and communication failures, poor decision-making and excessive risk-taking, restrictions on scope and structural adaptability, collective action problems due to (lack of) coordination, frequent security breaches, and learning disabilities (2008: 19-33). Using these limitations as an analytical framework, Eistrup-Sangiovanni and Jones examine the organizational structure of the al-Qaida, which appears to be a robust network-based threat in the 21st century. The al-Qaida’s potency draws a lot from a hierarchical organization, which has been increasingly difficult to maintain as the group comes under sustained international pressure. Its capacity to undertake major operations – like the â€Å"9/11† attacks – dwindles as it more closely resembles a loosely structured network of actors; indeed, there have been more failed attempts than successful attacks since 2001 (2008: 35-40).

Ilya Repins Volga boatmen Essay Example for Free

Ilya Repins Volga boatmen Essay â€Å"Painting is a branch of the visual arts, in which color is applied to various surfaces to create a representational or abstract picture or design† (Vishny, 2003). A painting can represent an artist’s ideas or reflect the condition of a society. Some of the great masterpieces in art history include Peter Rubens’ The Battle of the Amazons, Frederic Church’s Heart of the Andes and Ilya Repins Volga boatmen. The Battle of the Amazons was painted by Peter Rubens during the Baroque epoch in 1616-1618. The painting employed the Flemish Baroque Style while the theme represented a battle scene from Greek mythology. It showed a violent struggle between Theseus (King of Athens) defense force and a group of women warriors commonly known as Amazons. In this graphical depiction of Rubens, he made use of strong dark colors of red, black and yellow that exemplified belligerence. â€Å"The glowing color and light that flickers across limbs and draperies gave a sense of movement and tactile strength† (Davison, 2006). For me, this piece of art showed that in a game of war nobody wins and everybody looses. No matter what the motivation or the cause of the conflict, war can’t still be justified because in reality lives are being taken and that is contradictory to human’s purpose which is to live. On the other hand, Frederic Church’s Heart of the Andes is a pleasant landscape illustration of a scenic view in Ecuador along the Andes Mountains. His delicate fusions of water, light and air and his seemingly infinite vistas emphasized an accurate depiction of an unspoiled and picturesque environment. This painting gave many Americans during the late 19th century their first glimpse of the tropics, which is rendered as exotic and as an underdeveloped terrain (Smith, 1989, pp-1-2). I think that the â€Å"Heart of Andes† reflected the artist’s love for nature. Meanwhile, Ilya Repins Volga Boatmen is a painting about bargemen which were called â€Å"burlaki† harnessed together along the shoreline of Volga River in Russia. Repin was able to convincingly depict the status of the working class during that period. He treated the main elements of his painting with dark colors to represent weariness, melancholiness and captivity which is contrasted by the light yellow and blue hues that showed nature’s beauty. Furthermore, Volga Boatmen became the model for mid-20th-century Soviet socialist realism that honestly and realistically demonstrated the social condition of Russia during that period (Davison, 2006). These three art works are representational paintings. The Battle of the Amazons, Heart of the Andes and Volga Boatmen represented a particular event, a definite place and a specific social condition. Ruben, Church and Repin used the same medium but they pointed out three different views. In the case of Ruben, he gave a glimpse of the Greek mythology, which is a commonly used theme in the Renaissance era, to his viewers. Beneath the nudes, animals and mythological creatures, issues on the effects of war and subordination of women were raised. For Church, he used his artistry to showcase an unspoiled landscape and stressed that places like this do exist outside their own backyard. The natural effect of the painting gave its viewers an organic feeling which is in opposite with Ruben’s somber depiction of the Battle of the Amazons and Repin’s gloomy rendition of the Volga Boatmen. Meanwhile, Repin showed in his painting his advocacy for socialist realism. He depicted a social scene with a realistic detail to impart to his viewers his social conviction. Overall, these paintings may differ in subject matter, color or styles but the only common thing in these masterpieces is that these are not only art works but are also considered as historical documents that tell a story of a certain period or time. More so, these paintings exude a serious mood with the common theme of battle. It is seen mostly in the small detailed elements that were carefully placed by the artists in their respective paintings. In the Battle of the Amazon, the use of dead nudes dramatizes the plight of women against the Greek men. The painting emphasized the social status of women as inferior to men but the battle scene depicted the attempts of the amazons to prove to the Greeks that they are not weak. Meanwhile, in the Heart of the Andes, it shows a different kind of battle. The presence of the white cross and open-root tree on the riverbank suggests the vulnerability of the environment. Church intended this element to show the fight to preserve and protect the pristine beauty of nature from the opportunist hands of man. As for Repins Volga Boatmen, the sea elements on the shoreline accentuates the barrenness of the place that heightens the unfavorable condition of the boatmen. This painting represents the conflict between workers and the upper class. It shows the class struggle of the masses against the privilege. References Davison, B. (2006). A Painting Critique: The Battle of the Amazons, Heart of the Andes, and Volga Boatmen. Associated Content Inc, pp. 1-2. Retrieved February 23, 2008, from http://www.associatedcontent. com/article/93533/a_painting_critique_the_battle_of_the. html. Lerkins Global Ltd. (2003). Rubens, Peter Paul The Battle of the Amazons. Retrieved February 23, 2008, from http://oldmasterpiece. com/rubens,peter,paul,the,battle,of,the,amazons,738. html? PHPSESSID=ed5695e80ea4b61861f84e53e04b9c7a Smith, R. 1989 October 30. Review/Art: Poetry and Showmanship of Frederic Church. New York Times, pp. 1-2. Vishny, M. (2003). Painting. Microsoft Encarta Reference Library. Microsoft Corporation.

Energy Star :: Environment Environmental Papers Fossils

Energy Star An analysis of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita for 1989 in United States Dollars compared to the 1991 total energy consumed per capita in equivalent barrels of oil for several countries, found the United States and Canada guilty for having the largest oil consumption per capita at fifty-five barrels while producing a third less than the leading country, Switzerland, in GDP per capita. Switzerland, the poster boy, of efficiency manages to produce more than the United States per capita while consuming half the amount of oil. (Ristinen and Kraushaar, 1999, 6) These astonishing figures present the United States as a wasteful nation plagued by inefficiency. Therefore, it was no surprise when in 1992 the Environmental Protection Agency began a program called Energy Star whose goal was and still is to promote and identify energy efficient products that reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The idea behind Energy Star was to reduce United States consumption of fossil fuels, while also making the change economically sound to Mr. and Mrs. John Q. Public, thereby increasing United States overall efficiency. The program started out small, targeting electronic devices such as computers and monitors, and then snowballed into undertaking household appliances, lighting, and even businesses and homes. The mechanism on which Energy Star operates is based on an Energy Star label that is placed on appliances, devices, and anything approved by the program. This label lets consumers know that the product meets certain Energy Star efficiency guidelines that vary based on the category. However, the Energy Star program was and still is purely voluntary, meaning manufacturers have the option whether or not to generate products that meet Energy Star efficiency guidelines. Some of the first devices that carried the Energy Star label were televisions, VCRs, and audio equipment. These devices along with a hoax of others such as copy machines, fax machines, DVD players, printers, and computers, consume energy while they are not in use or in standby mode. For the purposes of this paper, the term standby mode will be defined as the state of any electronic device that is plugged into a household power source, but has its power function turned off. Therefore, in an effort to increase efficiency, any electronic device that carries the Energy Star label will consume less energy during its standby mode. For example, in the case of a television that normally consumes six watts of electricity in standby, an Energy Star labeled television will consume fewer than three watts of electricity in its standby mode, which cuts its energy consumption in half during non-working hours.

Format for the Celebration Speech

Format for the Celebration Speech Introduction: I. Attention GetterAn attention grabbing statement to get the audience interested in learning about your process II. Connection to the AudienceTell them why they should listen to you (i. e. how does learning this process benefit them personally) III. Central Idea/ Thesis StatementA one sentence summary and preview of the entire speech, i. e. What are you teaching them? Body: * Transition Statement * I. Body Area Main IdeaA one sentence summary of the first body areaA. Supporting MaterialInformation that confirms, illustrates, explains, etc. the main idea for the body area B. Supporting MaterialInformation that confirms, illustrates, explains, etc. the main idea for the body area * Transition Statement* II. Body Area Main IdeaA one sentence summary of the second body area A. Supporting MaterialInformation that confirms, illustrates, explains, etc. the main idea for the body area B. Supporting MaterialInformation that confirms, illustrate s, explains, etc. he main idea for the body area * Transition Statement* III. Body Area Main IdeaA one sentence summary of the third body area A. Supporting MaterialInformation that confirms, illustrates, explains, etc. the main idea for the body area B. Supporting MaterialInformation that confirms, illustrates, explains, etc. the main idea for the body area * Transition Statement* Conclusion: I. Central IdeaRestate the central idea to review the main point of the speech II. Reconnect the Attention GetterReiterate your attention getter. This makes your speech feel â€Å"complete†) Note: You have some leeway with how to format the body areas for this speech. A Celebration speech or an Informative speech is organized depending upon the information you are sharing about your topic. You should focus on interesting facts, uses, etc. about your topic and should NOT do a recounting of the chronological information about the topic. Audiences quickly become bored with this approach.

Principles of Farm Animal Husbandry – Intensive and Extensive Farming

The terms intensive and extensive within farm animal husbandry refer to the methods animals are raised and processed. Intensive farming – Generally referred to as industrial and factory farming, this method is used to aid mass production of meats and dairy. Farm animals are kept in specially built units all year round in order to better control feeding and management. Examples of these can be found in battery cages to house chickens to aid egg collection, and farrowing crates to restrict sows within breeding units. Animals can be fed, watered and cleaned by automatic systems such as feed hoppers and drinkers. Extensive farming – Can also be linked with free-range, animals are able to freely move around and graze outdoors. This method is usually utilised in regions with a lesser demand, such as more open rural areas. There are some cases where animals can be part intensive and extensively farmed. For example, a sheep may spend the majority of it's time outdoors, but will be brought indoors and intensively farmed during lambing season. One of the negative impacts created by intensive farming is the increase in manure. Before intensive farming was introduced, farmers would ordinarily spread livestock manure onto fields for the crops benefit. However, some farmers have begun specialising in areas, crop growing or livestock, which means intensive livestock farmers have to store slurry, which can emit methane, and then travel to areas where this can be disposed of. However, this can be argued as a benefit to farmers who still produce crops as well as manage livestock as the slurry is readily available in great quantity to aid growth of their crops. Another problem appears to be the welfare of the farm animals. Instead of being able to display natural behaviours such as grazing, social and maternal instincts outdoors as with extensive farming, these animals are kept in confined spaces, which can cause signs of discomfort, lameness and even aggression. That being said, intensive farming is essential in order to keep supplying food to an ever growing population. The Five Freedoms The original concept first appeared within the Report of the Technical Committee to Enquire into the Welfare of Animals kept under Intensive Livestock Husbandry Systems, the Brambell Report, December 1965 (HMSO London, ISBN 0 10 850286 4). This acknowledged the need for farm animals to have freedom â€Å"to stand up, lie down, turn around, groom themselves and stretch their limbs† â€Å"The Five Freedoms are: 1. Freedom from hunger and thirst – By ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigour;† Ensure troughs, nipple drinkers and any other feeding instruments are at an appropriate location and height for animals, and that these instruments are cleaned and checked for blockages on a daily basis. All cattle require that sufficient roughage be readily available. Sheep require fresh, clean water be available at all times. â€Å"2. Freedom from discomfort – By providing an appropriate environment including shelter and a comfortable resting area;† Ensuring there is enough space for the animal to move freely and have fresh, clean bedding appropriate to that species, such as straw. A pigs resting area should remain dry, which can be achieved by being on a slightly higher level than its dunging area. â€Å"3. Freedom from pain injury or disease – By prevention or by rapid diagnosis and treatment;† Livestock housed intensively should be kept in buildings with an effective ventilation system and kept out of draughts to minimise respiratory problems. Monitoring for signs of disease, stress, illness, infestation and lameness is essential to ensure this can be dealt with appropriately and promptly. Ensuring all farm animals have appropriate vaccinations against diseases, such as bluetongue in cattle. Procedures should be in place to isolate and treat any injured or sick animal. Any animals should be humanely killed if found to be incurable. â€Å"4. Freedom to express most normal behaviour – By providing sufficient space, proper facilities and company of the animals own kind;† Farmers should determine space allowance according to animal, class, age, and size. For example, DEFRA provide this table as an example of good practise within housed sheep – (1) Normal social interaction is important too, for example, pigs housed indoors are kept in groups after weaning, usually separated by gender. Toys, like footballs, can also help with the enrichment of the animal. â€Å"5. Freedom from fear and distress – By ensuring conditions and treatment to avoid mental suffering.† (2) Ensuring stock-keepers are fully trained and have the knowledge and skills to carefully manage any farm animal sympathetically, from being able to handle and herd the animals effectively, to providing accurate injury or illness care. Environment and Housing Requirements for Pigs The Welfare of Farmed Animals (England) Regulations 2003 states there are different requirements, in terms of space and temperature, dependant on the stage, size and class of pig. Though, some factors have to be taken into account throughout all types, such as comfortable and dry bedding, which can be seen in all the below images, as the college farm uses clean, fresh straw throughout. (3) (4) Farrowing Sows and Piglets – The image directly below shows a sow with ten piglets within the farrowing village in the college farm. This shows the sow and piglets have enough space to stand up and manoeuvre, inside and out of the arc. The above images show a drinker, providing clean fresh water, and a feeding trough providing pellets. Weaner and Rearing Pigs – The same regulations state the minimum unobstructed floor area available to each weaner and rearing pig should be at least – (5) The above picture shows the colleges pigs in first stage. Weaners and rearer pigs should have adequate space in order to exercise, feed and for all pigs to lie flat on their side simultaneously, which the above pictures demonstrate. The images also show feeding troughs are raised and at an accessible height for the pigs to feed comfortably and separately from resting areas. Dry Sows and Gilts – (6) (2) As well as being able to move around freely, the pigs resting area requires to be elevated in comparison to its dunging area to ensure their resting area remains clean and dry. Concrete slatted floors are used within the pig unit as this proves to be smooth and easy to keep hygienic and also not slippery which could lead to accidents and injury. Lighting, ventilation and temperature control is also vital to promote pig health. The college pig units provide natural lighting and ventilation within the roofs, the latter of which help remove noxious gases and control temperatures. Controlling the pig's feeds and bedding also helps maintain the appropriate temperature. As mentioned previously, the recommended temperature varies dependant on the category of pig, the table above shows this. Livestock Health and Welfare There are two main factors to be taken into account whilst discussing health and welfare, those being mental and physical. In terms of livestock mental health and welfare, one of the factors to take into account would be the animal's stimulus. This could be objects the animal can entertain itself with, such as a ball, or even just animals of the same species to interact with. An animal may suffer mentally or become stressed if it is left segregated without anything to aid mental enrichment. On the physical side, illnesses common within certain farm animals may be a problem if not properly vaccinated against, illnesses such and foot and mouth among pigs and cattle. Respiratory problems can occur if housing for farm animals does not have the required ventilation measures in place. Issues could occur during the transportation of livestock; whether this is physical in that the animal is mishandled or if the transportations flooring is not so as to prevent slipping, or mentally in that the animal may become stressed, especially if force is used within the process. All these aspects and more all come down to one main factor, stockmanship. Providing stock-keepers have the acquired knowledge and skills from onsite training and relevant courses, these factors should all be well manageable. From handling skills and care, to preventing and treating illnesses and parasites, and other general maintenance required to ensure health and welfare is upheld.

Weather and Season Vocabulary in Chinese

Weather and Season Vocabulary in Chinese Talking about the weather is a great way to start a casual conversation. With these new  vocabulary words, youll be able to ask about the weather and describe seasons in Chinese.  Audio clips  to help with listening comprehension and pronunciation are marked with ââ€" º. Seasons in Chinese As you already know, there are four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Lets learn the Mandarin Chinese names for these seasons. First off, we need to learn how to say season: seasonsââ€" ºjà ¬ jià ©Ã¢â‚¬â€¹(trad) Ã¥ ­ £Ã§ ¯â‚¬(simp) Ã¥ ­ £Ã¨Å â€š Lets move on to season names: springæ˜ ¥Ã¥ ¤ © ââ€" ºchÃ… «n tiÄ nsummerÃ¥ ¤ Ã¥ ¤ © ââ€" ºxi tiÄ nautumnç §â€¹Ã¥ ¤ © ââ€" ºqiÃ… « tiÄ nwinterå† ¬Ã¥ ¤ © ââ€" ºdÃ… ng tiÄ n Weather Vocabulary Now lets get more specific and talk about day-to-day weather. While reading through this vocabulary list, think about how you can apply these new words. What is the weather usually like in ç §â€¹Ã¥ ¤ © (qiÃ… « tiÄ n)? What about  Ã¥ ¤ Ã¥ ¤ © (xi tiÄ n)? What is the weather like for you today? weather(trad) Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦ ° £ / (simp) Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦ °â€ ââ€" ºtiÄ n qà ¬goodÃ¥ ¥ ½ ââ€" ºhÇŽosunnyæ™ ´Ã¦Å"â€" ââ€" ºqà ­ng lÇŽngovercast(trad) Ã¥ ¤Å¡Ã©â€º ²/ (simp) Ã¥ ¤Å¡Ã¤ ºâ€˜ ââ€" ºduÃ…  yà ºnrainingä ¸â€¹Ã©â€º ¨ ââ€" ºxi yÇ”snowingä ¸â€¹Ã©â€º ª ââ€" ºxi xuÄ›coldå† · ââ€" ºlÄ›nghot(trad) ç† ± /  (simp) çÆ' ­ ââ€" ºrà ¨warmæ º «Ã¦Å¡â€" ââ€" ºwÄ“n nuÇŽncoolæ ¶ ¼Ã§Ë† ½ ââ€" ºling shuÇŽng Sentence Examples About Weather Now that you have a basis in describing the weather, put it to use by incorporating this new vocabulary into a sentence.   Whats the weather like?ââ€" ºtiÄ n qà ¬ zÄ›n me yng?(trad) Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦ ° £Ã¦â‚¬Å½Ã© º ¼Ã¦ ¨ £?(simp) Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦ °â€Ã¦â‚¬Å½Ã¤ ¹Ë†Ã¦   ·?Its cold.ââ€" ºhÄ›n lÄ›ngÃ¥ ¾Ë†Ã¥â€  ·Its raining.ââ€" ºxi yÇ”ä ¸â€¹Ã©â€º ¨The weathers not good.ââ€" ºtiÄ n qà ¬ bà ¹ hÇŽo(trad) Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦ ° £Ã¤ ¸ Ã¥ ¥ ½(simp) Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦ °â€Ã¤ ¸ Ã¥ ¥ ½Its good.ââ€" ºhÄ›n hÇŽoÃ¥ ¾Ë†Ã¥ ¥ ½Its hot.ââ€" ºhÄ›n rà ¨(trad) Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã§â€  ±(simp) Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã§Æ' ­

Marx and the War essays

Marx and the War essays The United States invasion and subsequent occupation of Iraq, and the world- wide protests against these actions provides fertile material for sociological analysis, specifically from the perspective of conflict theory. Recent media attention given to the March 20th protests here in the United States and around the world, specifically an article by CNN will provide a template for a critical sociological analysis. As critical theory depends so much on the foundation laid by Karl Marx I will focus my analysis on, first a Classical Marxist analysis, then explain how it is inadequate and turn to a Neo-Marxist Perspective, then finishing with a Post- Marxist explanation of the war, occupation and the protest movements and the theoretical issues they raise The article I chose is entitled Americans Demonstrate For, Against War. It summarizes protests in New York City, Chicago, Atlanta, Washington DC and Los Angeles and reports on both the pro-war and anti war-activists. According to the article more than 200,000 people marched in New York City, and reported policed violence through the use of pepper spray and violent activist behavior. The article also focused on the pro-war marchers in Chicago, and their support for the troops and President Bushs policies. The protest in Washington, like the protest in New York City took place within a sanctioned barricade and reports that the police in Washington DC and the protesters had a stand off when the demonstrators departed from the route set out in their parade permit. CNN also reported that many of the protesters, specifically in Los Angeles protested the media coverage of the war. Participants carried signs reading CNN Weapons of mass deception and CNN-Censorship Cable Network. I will highlight the protests as outlined in the article as a communicative action, as well as the concerns of a delineate...

Understanding Political Process Theory

Understanding Political Process Theory Also known as political opportunity theory, political process theory offers an explanation of the conditions, mindset, and actions that make a social movement successful in achieving its goals. According to this theory, political opportunities for change must first be present before a movement can achieve its objectives. Following that, the movement ultimately attempts to make change through the existing political structure and processes. Overview Political process theory (PPT) is considered the core theory of social movements and how they mobilize (work to create change). It was developed by  sociologists in the U.S. during the 1970s and 80s, in response to the Civil Rights, anti-war, and student movements of the 1960s. Sociologist Douglas McAdam, now a professor at Stanford University, is credited with first developing this theory via his study of the Black Civil Rights movement (see his book  Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930-1970, published in 1982). Prior to the development of this theory, social scientists viewed members of social movements as irrational and crazed and framed them as deviants rather than political actors. Developed through careful research, political process theory disrupted that view and exposed its troubling elitist, racist, and patriarchal roots. Resource mobilization theory similarly offers an alternative view to this classical one. Since McAdam published his book outlining the theory, revisions to it have been made by him and other sociologists, so today it differs from McAdams original articulation.  As sociologist Neal Caren describes in his entry on the theory in the  Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, political process theory outlines five key components that determine the success or failure of a social movement: political opportunities, mobilizing structures, framing processes,  protest cycles, and contentious repertoires. Political opportunities  are the most important aspect of PPT, because according to the theory, without them, success for a social movement is impossible. Political opportunitiesor opportunities for intervention and change within the existing political systemexist when the system experiences vulnerabilities. Vulnerabilities in the system can arise for a variety of reasons but hinge on a crisis of legitimacy wherein the populace no longer supports the social and economic conditions fostered or maintained by the system. Opportunities might be driven by  the broadening of political enfranchisement to those previously excluded (like women and people of color, historically speaking), divisions among leaders, increasing diversity within political bodies and the electorate, and a loosening of repressive structures that previously kept people from demanding change.Mobilizing structures  refer to the  already existing organizations (political or otherwise) that are present among the c ommunity that wants change. These organizations serve as mobilizing structures for a social movement by providing membership, leadership, and communication and social networks to the budding movement. Examples include churches, community and nonprofit organizations, and student groups and schools, to name a few. Framing processes are carried out by leaders of an organization in order to allow the group or movement to  clearly and persuasively describe the existing problems, articulate why change is necessary, what changes are desired, and how one can go about achieving them. Framing processes foster the ideological buy-in among movement members, members of the political establishment, and the public at large that is necessary for a social movement to seize political opportunities and make change. McAdam and colleagues describe framing as conscious strategic efforts by groups of people to fashion shared understandings of the world and of themselves that legitimate and motivate collective action (see Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framing  [1996]).Protest cycles  are another important aspect of social movement success according to PPT. A protest cycle is a prolonged  period of time when opposition to the politi cal system and acts of protest are in a heightened state. Within this theoretical perspective, protests are important expressions of the views and demands of the mobilizing structures connected to the movement and are vehicles to express the ideological frames connected to the framing process. As such, protests serve to strengthen solidarity within the movement, to raise awareness among the general public about the issues targeted by the movement, and also serve to help recruit new members. The fifth and final aspect of PPT is contentious repertoires, which refers to the set of means through which the movement makes its claims. These typically include strikes, demonstrations (protests), and  petitions. According to PPT, when all of these elements are present, it is possible that a social movement will be able to make changes within the existing political system that will reflect the desired outcome. Key Figures There are many sociologists who study social movements, but key figures who helped create and refine PPT include Charles Tilly,  Peter Eisinger, Sidney Tarrow, David Snow, David Meyer, and Douglas McAdam. Recommended Reading To learn more about PPT see the following resources: From Mobilization to Revolution  (1978), by Charles Tilly.Political Process Theory,  Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, by Neal Caren (2007).Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency,  (1982) by Douglas McAdam.Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framing  (1996), by Douglas McAdam and colleagues. Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.